The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely regarded as one of the most prevailing technology revolutions of the previous two decades. IoT devices are often perceived as computing devices with sensing capabilities, onboard computational power, and an internet-enabled network to communicate with each other. It is one of the most rapidly growing areas that relies on machine-to-machine communications and utilizes an internet stack for end-to-end connectivity. In its simplest term, IoT is perceived as a network of billions of devices that can sense, actuate and relay the information to a centralized system. Nowadays, IoT devices and applications are deployed in various domains such as logistics, retail, health care, smart city network, intelligent transportation and disaster management. Despite the technological advancements in these individual domains, the heterogeneity of IoT devices and lack of standardization challenges are yet to be addressed. It is vital to examine the "Things" themselves, which operate differently depending on the implementation scenario, ranging from time-critical to mission-critical applications. The modern Internet is a complex blend of Internet nodes, IoT devices, and smart objects. Internet-enabled networks require the implementation of an IP stack for communication between networks of objects. With the expansion of Internet networks, enterprises as well as research communities are investing in flexible and scalable IP networks for the future. Currently, the Internet-enabled networks vary greatly both in technical implementations and in end-application needs. A conventional computing node (such as Personal Computers, Laptops, Mobiles and Tablets) implements an entire TCP/IP stack based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. However, due to the limited resources available on IoT devices, a lightweight IP stack is normally implemented. The on-board resource availability and energy consumption of the device primarily regulate the implementation of suitable protocols and standards in IoT devices. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to investigate the IoT architectures and platforms to understand the role and behavior at every layer of the technology stack. The horizontal fabric is made up of "Things" and the communication stack, whereas middlewares, edge networks, and the cloud make application development simpler and thus enable vertical markets on top of this fabric. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to an infrastructure of ubiquitous, context-aware devices communicating and interacting with one another over the Internet to accomplish objectives. The IoT Global Standards Initiatives defines IoT as an infrastructure of interconnected things, both physical and virtual, at a global scale, to enable advanced services for the information society, based on interoperable information and communication technologies. Many existing technologies, such as the Internet platform, sensors and sensor networks, radio frequency i
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